It is through a variety of legal genres that an attempt is made to create and maintain a model world of rights and obligations, permissions and prohibitions. If the knowledge of law is more Р Р†Р вЂљР’Вpotent,Р Р†Р вЂљРІвЂћСћ the knowledge of language is Р Р†Р вЂљР’Вprior.Р Р†Р вЂљРІвЂћСћ Language undoubtedly plays an important role in the construction, interpretation, negotiation, and implementation of legal justice. Р Р†Р вЂљР’ВР Р†Р вЂљР’ВCognito verborum prior est, cognito rerum postior est,Р Р†Р вЂљРІвЂћСћР Р†Р вЂљРІвЂћСћ said Erasmus. Legal Genres V K Bhatia, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ! 2006 Elsevier Ltd. See also: Arabic Armenian Syria: Language Situation. Contact with foreign languages is reinforced through large Lebanese communities living abroad, especially in France, the United States, and South America. Because of LebanonР Р†Р вЂљРІвЂћСћs long tradition as a center for international trading and commerce, French and, more recently, English enjoy a high status in Lebanon and are comparatively widely known. Aramaic (Assyrian and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic) is only used as a religious language in Lebanon, although it is still found as a spoken language in neighboring Syria. In addition to Arabic, about 234 600 Lebanese (or 6% of the population) speak Armenian, for which an active printing and publishing industry exists. The adult literacy rate in 1990 was 80.3%. As in other countries of the Arab world, there are two types of Arabic in Lebanon in a diglossic relation: Modern Standard Arabic, which is used in formal contexts, in the media, and in writing, and Levantine Arabic (South Levantine Spoken Arabic) dialects, which are used for spoken and everyday communication. The official language of Lebanon is Arabic, which is also the native language of the large majority of itsР вЂќР в‚¬.7 million inhabitants. Since the end of the civil war, the political system has addressed the representation of the interests of different ethnic and religious groups Р Р†Р вЂљРІР‚Сљ including Sunni and Shia Muslims, Druze, and various Christian sects Р Р†Р вЂљРІР‚Сљ in the country. From 1975 until 1991, the country suffered from a civil war, which also involved the neighboring countries, Israel and Syria, and the Palestinian Liberation Organization. After the end of the Ottoman Empire, Lebanon was under French mandate from 1920 until it gained independence in 1943.

Since the Middle Ages, Lebanon has acquired a reputation for comparatively tolerant politics and has become home to a number of smaller religious and ethnic groups of the area. Arabic was introduced into Lebanon with the Arab conquest in 634Р Р†Р вЂљРІР‚Сљ636 A.D.

Recorded history in Lebanon goes back almost 5000 years to the times of the Phoenician seafaring traders. Lebanon: Language Situation Editorial Team ! 2006 Elsevier Ltd.

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